Across Europe, not all children have the same opportunities to grow up healthy and thrive. Persistent inequities within and between countries affect children's physical and mental health and well-being, shaping outcomes that can last throuhtou their lives. 

Children experiencing poverty, children with disabilities, those with a migration background or belonging to minority groups and children living in remote areas, can face barriers to accessing the services and support they need. Addressing these inequities requires strong, integrated and inclusive systems that accompany children throughout their development, from birth and early childhood, through adolescence and into adulthood, while recognising that needs, risks and opportunities evolve at different stages of life.

Early childhood is a critical window. The first years of life lay the foundations for health, development and well-being. Timely support, including adequate nutrition, support for maternal mental health, immunisation and early identification of developmental and health needs can make a lasting difference. Early childhood interventions also connect naturally with wider areas of child health and well-being, highlighting the importance of coordinated support across sectors and services.

Adolescence represents another crucial period of rapid physica, emotional and social development. Alongside longstanding determinants of health and well-being, children and adolescents today are navigating increasingly complex digital environments. These experiences can influence identity, behaviour and mental health creating both new opportunities and new challenges for children, families and the systems that support them.