A selective/indicated prevention programme that targets personality risk factors (e.g., sensation-seeking, impulsivity, anxiety-sensitivity) with brief, tailored interventions to reduce substance use and related problems; implemented across several European countries.

A low-threshold service offering free, anonymous support to young people in person and online, staffed by professionals and trained young volunteers. Young people participate both as beneficiaries and as peer providers.

Adapted in Denmark from the Australian model, headspace offers free, low-threshold early support to young people through centres and online, staffed by professionals and trained young volunteers, with a dedicated Youth Council. A publicly available implementation guide supports replication.

A national network of multidisciplinary centres offering young people accessible support across the full continuum - from information and brief counselling to clinical care - bringing together health, social care and other services in one place.

Ireland's national youth mental health service provides accessible, non-stigmatising support with minimal barriers to entry and online/hybrid options, and (with Belong To) has developed resources to support LGBTI+ young people. It is embedded within multiple overlapping national policy frameworks.

Youth F-ACT embeds multidisciplinary teams (psychiatrists, nurses, psychologists, employment and addiction specialists, peer support and social workers, family therapists) within the community to support young people with severe conditions and complex needs across education, employment, relationships, family, housing and finances.

A community-based service in County Mayo providing accessible mental health support and counselling to young people, working closely with local services.

A skills-based group intervention designed for humanitarian settings; evaluated in Sweden with unaccompanied refugee minors, where it showed significant improvements in PTSD and depression symptoms.

A dedicated subclinical model offering low-threshold, free-of-charge access to care for people with mild-to-moderate anxiety, depression, sleep problems or early-stage substance-use issues, currently for older adolescents (16+) and adults.

A health centre (within ASL Roma 1) providing integrated mental and physical health care to forced migrants through a multidisciplinary, culturally sensitive approach.